It's true that if you have just a few readers you may need to be patient. (Figure something like 5-10% response rate if they are pretty loyal readers.) Still, it's a good habit to get into, ie, checking in with readers on your content.
I agree with Mark that an incentive may help. But it's not always necessary. The key is to set your expectation at the right level.
If you go to a party where you don't know anyone, you'd probably expect to have several good conversations. Your first polls/surveys may well be the same. But by going through the process and teaching your readers that you are interested in what they have to say, you'll grow the relationships.